Hydrocarbon-motor.



HUFF.

HYDROCARBON MOTOR.

IPPLICATION FILED JULz, 1909.

Patented 001;. 6, v1914.

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R. HUF?.

HYDROGARBON MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY2,1909.

15,1 ZBS, Patented 0013.6,1914- 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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R. HUFF.

HYDROGARBON MOTOR.

APPLIGATIVON FILED JULY 2, 1909A 1 3i. l 295%@ Patented 001;. 6, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

wuewtoc W 7% WMM/www to splash the oil over the'working parts of' UjNfrED STATES PATENT" OFFICE y RUSSELL HUFF, or DETRoIT, MIC'HIGAN, As'sIGIvoR,

BY msmassrenmm, "T6

PACKARD MOTOR CAR company, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A- CORPORATIN 0F MICHIGAN.

and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon- Motors, of ywhich the following is a specification... This invention relates to oiling systems, and in particular'to oiling `y'stems for mqtors used for .propelling vehicles.

In multi-cylinder motors used in motor vehicles the cylinders are usually arranged vertically and in line and bolted separately or in pairs tov a single crank case, which case is usually divided into compartments forming oil wells into which the cranks dip the motor. It is necessary that a suflicient supply of' oil.be .mainta-ined in the crank case. compartments and yit is`desirable that the oillbekept .'aconstant and uniform level in all the compartments vwhich 1s somewhat difficultv toiefec 'when the vehicle is on an incline as whenging Aupor down hill.

'In motors of the cylindrical slide-valve type it. has been difficult heretofore to properly lubricate: the valve sleeves, and it has been fou'nd that thevalve sleeveswhich'surround the combustion chamber are liable to expand and stick.

Some of the objects of this invention are toprovide' an oiling system 'to maintainV the oil in the various compartments at a uni.-

form--and constant level, to provide animproved means for lubricating the valves, and toso construct. the valves that sticking duel to expansion will not take place.

One .of the features of this invention,

broadly considered, consists in dividing the crank case into front and rear compartments and connecting these compartments by an equalizing duct terminating inrisers Another4 feature .of this invention consists in asupply and discharg'efmeansf-forv maintainingfthe oiI'in thecompartmentspat v a fixed level." l 'Broadly stated," itc'onsistsofaf 'means for supplying the oil to -dzhe crank' case at a rate slightly Inexcessof vwhat can be used by the motorand of means for withdrawing Aoil from the crank case when the level therein risesabove the predetermined normall oil leveh A'Iheese4 means preferably' HYDROCARBON-MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

consist of a small constantlyM driven pump which supplies the oil from a reservoir to the crank case and of a discharge pumphaving a capacity slightly in excessof the feeding pump and connected with an outlet pipe wellv of one orlbothn which opens into the'oil of the compartmentsat substantially the normal oil level. Said discharge pump pref?v erably discharges into `the reservoir whereby Q* Another feature of this Inventlon 'conthe oil is kept in constant circulation.-

sists invmeans for supplying oil to the cylindrical valve sleeves. Under some conditions these sleeves will receive' sufli'cient lubrication by splash from.; the crank case, the oil working up between'thesleeves by their constant reciprocation,

and Ito-.augment this splash system thepiston isfprov'ided in ternally Vwith a ledge which `gathers *some of the oil from the crank :case andcarries 1t upwardly where it is discharged between the sleeves through registering openings 1n the piston andY sleeves, and a `ver Atical duct or channel is also provided to connect a chamber o r cavity above the valve sleeves withthe crank case so that theoil vaporthrown up by the-cranks will pass up this channeland lubricate the sleeves. As an auxiliar oil supply means, which may be cut off om the individual cylinders by means of handnvalves, abranchv pipe from the feeding p ump'gsupplies oil under pressure to the chamber or cavity,`

located above the sleeves, and any excess of oilv thus supplied passes .through channels yformed between the sleeves .and down into the crank case.

Anotherv feature 'of this.' invention con; y

sists in th'eA construction of the valvesleev's. A portlon of the sleeve near the head end of the cylinden is ground to' adiameter a-few thousandths of an inch'A lessthan the-diame-` ter ofthe rest ofthesleve,in' this -way 'al-v lowing-for. greater expansion iatvthe head 1 Y 'end-5. {Another-method ofobtaining the same e head., The besa i is` fof, 'dishjed formationv and byv ,providing .theseraised portions the totali vdepth of thisv dished portion which receives the spark plug is reduced thereby rendering the plug more accessible.

ln the drawings: Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section partly in elevation through the crank case and cylinders; Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan view of one of the cylinders; Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a detail view of the cylinder head; Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a detail of one of the valve sleeves.

Referring to the drawings, 11 designates the upper section of the crank case provided with integral side arms 12 for supporting the engine structure from the side bars of a motor vehicle, 13 the intermediate section, and 14 the lower section of the crank case. 'llhe crank shaft 15 is `iournaled in bearings between the sections 13 and 11. All of the sections are bolted together in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art.

rllhe cylinders 16 are bolted to the crank case. rilhese cylinders in the construction shown are cast in pairs. Each cylinder is provided with a cylinder head 17, provided with a downwardly extended portionV 18 of smaller diameter than the internal diameter of the cylinder, thereby forming an annular space or chamber 19. The downwardly projecting portion 18 is provided with the usual packing rings. An inner valve sleeve 20 and an outer valve sleeve 21 are mounted to slide on each other in the cylinder. These valve sleeves are provided with ears 22, and connecting rods 23 connect these ears with the eccentrics 25 mounted upon the valve shaft 24. rlhese eccentrics are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2 and are placed about eighty degrees apart. rlhe valve shaft 24 is driven from the crank shaft by Ameans of the two-to-one gears 27, 26. The sleeves are providedl with inlet ports 28 and exhaust ports 29, communicating with the inlet 30 and exhaust 31 respectively. rlhe operation of the valves thus described will be obvious from the arrangement shown in Fig. 2. The cylinders are provided with water jacket spaces 32. Fiach one of the cylinders is provided with a shallow elbow 33, communicating with the passage 34 and with the cavity 35 in the head. A discharge duct 36 upon the opposite side of the cylinder communicates with the pipe 37 leading to the radiator. The inlet duct or channel 34 and the outlet duct or channel 36 are formed by raised portions on the cylinderhead, this construction being clearly shown in Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive. By means of this construction the depth of the reces/sed portion 38 is decreased, and the spark plug 39 is rendered accessible so that it may be engaged by the ordinary wrench. This construction has a decided advantage over those constructions niiasao in which the cylinder head is provided with an annular space communicating with the cavity 35.

A high tension wire support 40 is supported from a standard 41, and a knife switch 42 electrically connects the spark plug 39 with the high tension supply.

T he piston 43, which is of the usual trunk type, reciprocates within the inner sleeve 20 and is connected to the crank shaft 15 by means of the usual connecting rod 44. 'lhe piston head is provided with an annular ledge 45, and with a series of holes 46 located above this ledge and communicating with similar holes 47 in the valve sleeves 2O and 21. rlhe oil thrown up by the cranks is caught by the ledge and lubricates the sleeves. The piston head is provided with an annular groove 49, into which the ends of the hollow wrist pin 48 open and which leads the oil caught from the sleeves into said wrist pin 43 and hence it passes through holes 50 to the connecting rod bearing.

The lower section of the crank case is divided by a partition 11a into compartments 51, 52, forming oil wells or pockets. An equalizing conduit 53 connects these compartments and terminates in riselfs', opening into the pockets at the normal oil level.

'lhe oil tank 54 is connected by the pipe 55 to the feeding pump 57, a screen or filter 56 being interposed in the connection. A pipe 58 leads from the pump 57, and is connected by branch pipes 59 to the annular chambers or cavities 19, formed between the cylinder head and the cylinder. Hand valves 60 are provided whereby the supply to the separate cylinders may be independently controlled or cut off. An overflow pipe 61 discharges into the crank case. As shown in Fig. 4 passages 62 connect the branches 59 with the annular chambers19.

From the above it will be seen that the oil is supplied to the annular chambers 19 under pressure. 1f the eccentrics 25 were placed one .hundred eighty degreesapart the pressure within this cavity 19 would remain constant. Since, however.y these cranks are placed approximately eighty degrees apart the atmosphere inthe cavity 19 is alternately rarefied and compressed, and thus the oil will be drawn in when the pressure drops. 'llhe sleeve 21 also operates to close the passage 62 so as to cut off the oil supply.

A riser or stand pipe 63 communicates with an outlet pipe 63fl leading` to a discharge pump 64, which discharges through a pipe 65 and a screen 67 into the oil supply tank 54. The riser or stand pipe 63 opens into the compartment 52 at substantially the normal oil level therein` and is preferably placed alongside of one of the risers 53a. 1n the construction shown the duct 53, its risers 53a, the riser 63 and the outlet pipe 63a are cast integrally with section 14 of the crank case.

'y in both compartments, and even when the .'obvious, however, thatl this taper need be will pass up throughpchannel 72, aided by v formed in the cylinder walls.

f branch `65.

The vent 74 opens into the'annular chamber `through `the branch pipes59 and the' other l through the channel'72'. Wh

y'the 'hand valves 6.0. However,

The pumps 57 and 64 are preferably of the gear type, and are driven through a common shaft 68, which may be the commutator shaft, through gears 69 from the'valve shaft 24. The capacity of the pump 64 is slightly in eXcess of that of 57. This may be accomplished vby making 64 larger than 57 or by driving 64 at a higher rate of speed than 57. In this -way it is insured that vthe oil in the compartment' 52 will remain at a constant level, and since thepump 57 feeds the oil in eXcess of the` rate at which it is used, the level of\the oil will never drop below the level of the risers. The conduit 53 connecting the compartments will insure that-the level of the oil will remain the same vehicleis on an incline, as when going up hill, theconstructio-n of the risers 53a will prevent all the oil in one compartment from flowing into` the adjacent one.

Referring to Fig. 7, the valve sleeves are* provided with a helical groove 7 O communicating with the holes 47 hereinbefore described. The sleeves are also provided with transverse groovesand 101 communicating by means off a groove 71, and a series of grooves v102 vare provided communicatingV with the annular chamber 19. In o-rder ,to prevent the valves from sticking, due to the unequal expansion, the'head end C is ground down to a diameter a fewthousandths of an inch smaller vthan the,A crank end D. The same result may be obtained by tapering the sleeves towardv the head or hotter end; It is .only very slight. By means of the construction shown and described all sticking of thev valves is prevented. i

Referring ,to Figs. 1 and 6, the cylinder wall is provided with a vertical channel 72 communicating with the crank casing, and an alined channel 73 formed in the cylinder' head communicates at one side of the cylinder head with the annular chamber 19.

19 ata pointopposite the opening of the channel 73. The oil kicked up by the cranks the gases inthe crank casing which pass up through chamber 19 and out of the vent 74. The .oil passing up 72 will enter into the chamber 19 and lubricate the valves, while the gases will escape through the vent 74. The channel 72 in the construction shownis It is obvious, that this may be a separate pipe.

however,

systems for oiling the sleeves, one being l l g -en running at Q lordinary speeds the latter system is used,the pipes 5,9 being-shut oif'by means of when running'at high speed, both systems are used' 1s supplied to the branch pipes 59 underl pressure from the pump 57, bothV systems may be used simultaneously.

Although there is shown a single outlet pipe and riser 63 for one of thevcompartments, it is obvious that van outlet may be provided for each compartment. It 1s also obvious that instead of utilizing the pump 57 r y for feeding' the crank case, the tank 54 may be elevated and the oil fed by gravity, pump 64 discharging into the tank. Although I have shown the oiling. system as applied to an engine of the hydrocarbonv type, it is obvious thatthis oiling system may be applied lto other types of engines. The system for supplying the crankcase so as to maintain the oil level constant therein maybe applied to other types of mechanism, for instance, it may be applied totransmis sion gear casingsuunderstood that theV claims to thisv oilig system are to be construed broadly and not limited .to -any particular type of mechanism. It is obvious therefore .thatyvariouschanges maybe made inthe details' of construction' without departing from this invention, and it is to be understoodtherefore that this invention is not to be limited 'to the specific construction shown. i v

No claim is herein made to thev particular construction of cylinder head and valve hereinbefore described, the right to lpresent claims for such features in divisional appliations being, however, specifically reserved.

What I claim is:` l. In a multi-cylinder engine, the combination with the crank -case andv with th eylinf ders having valves operated in t heads the It is-therefore to be n ,'r'd

thereof, of means for supplying lubrication to said crank case and to the heads for lubricating the valves comprising a a conduit leading from said supply tank to said crank case and having branchesl leading to said heads, a conduit for returning' the oil from the -crank case to the tank, and means for circulating the oil throughl "the conduits.

2, In a hydrocarbon motor, the combination with the crank case and the vcylinder having an annular valve chamber, of a supply tank,

and.

sleeve valve in said chamber, and means for supplying lubricant from the crank case to said valve chamber.

3. in a hydrocarbon motor, the combination with the crank case and the cylinder having an annular valve chamber concentric with the bore of the cylinder, of a sleeve valve in said chamber, and a conduit for supplying lubricant from the crank case to said chamber.

t. ln a hydrocarbon motor, the combination with the crank case aufl cylinder mounted thereon, the cylinder being provided with an annular valve chamber in the head thereof, of an annular sleeve valve adapted to operate in said chamber, an oil conduit leading from the crank case to said annular chamber and meansI whereby the surplus oil is returned from said chamber to the crank case.

5. In a multicylnder hydrocarbon engine, the combination, with the crank shaft and the cylinders having sleeve valves operating in the heads thereof, of an oil supply, circulating means for feeding oil to the crank shaft bearings and the sleeve valves, from said supply, and means for returning oil `from the sleeve valves tothe supply.

6. rllhe combination with a cylinder and crank case, of a sleeve valve for the cylinder, a chamber therefor, and an oil conduit l ad ing from the crank case and discharging into the valve chamber.

7. The combination with a cylinder and crank case, of a sleeve valve for the cylinder` a chamber therefor, an oil conduit leading from the crank case and discharging into the valve chamber, and a vent for said chainber.

8. The combination with a Vcylinder and crank case, of a cylindrical sleeve valve for the cylinder, the cylinder being provided with an annular valve chamber, and an oil conduit leading from the crank case and discharging into the annular chamber.

9. The combination with a cylinder and crank case, of a cylindrical sleeve valve for the cylinder, the cylinder being provided with an annular valve chamber, an oil conduit leading from the crank case and discharging into the annular chamber, and a vent opening into the annular chamber at a point on the opposite side of the cylinder from the conduit.

10. The combination with a Cylinder, of a. valve chamber formed therein, a plurality of sleeve valves working in the chamber so as to alternately compress and rarefy'the atmosphere therein, and an oilinlet opening into the valve chamber.

11. The combination with a cylinder, of a valve chamber formed therein, a plurality of sleeve valves Working in the chamber so as to alternatelyv compress and rarefy the atmosphere therein, and an oil inlet 4opening into the valve chamber, saidvalves being constructed to alternately cover and uncover the inlet.

12. The combination with a cylinder, of a valve chamber formed therein, a plurality of sleeve valves working in the chamber so as to alternately compress and rarefy the atmosphere therein, an oil inlet opening into the valve chamber, and means for supplying oil under pressure.

13. The combination with a cylinder, of au annular valve chamber formed therein, a plurality of cylindrical sleeve valves working in the chamber so as to alternately compress and rarefy the atmosphere the-rein, and an oil inlet opening into the valve chamber.

14. In an engine, the combination witha cylinder, of acylindrical valve working in the cylinder, a trunk piston working in the valve and provided with an annular ledge, and holes above the ledge extending through the piston walls.

l5. lnan engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a series of superposed cylindrical valves working in the cylinder, a trunk piston working in the cylindrical valves and provided with an annular ledge, and holes above the ledge extending through the piston walls, Said cylindrical valves having cooperating oil kholes and grooves communicating with the holes in the piston.

16, ln an engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a cylindrical valve working in the cylinder, a trunk piston working in the valve and provided with an annular ledge, holes above the ledge extending through the piston walls, a crank for operating the piston. and a crank case provided with an oil well whereby the crank will thro-w oil on the annular flange.

17 'l` he combination with a cylinder provided with an annular valve chamber, of an annular sleeve valve in said chamber, and an oil inlet opening into the valve chamber, said valve being provided with oil grooves adapted to distribute oil over the surface thereof.

18. The combination with a cylinder, of av pair of superposed cylindrical valves there for, the cylinder being provided with an .annular valve chamber, and an oil inlet opening into the valve chamber, the valves being provided with oil grooves opening into the va ve chamber.

ln testimony whereof l affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RUSSELL HUFF.

Witnesses EDITH N. HEARN, CLARA l. DALE. 

